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Many other Scientologist-run companies and companies come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies using Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directory sites of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This section requires expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or highly regarded people. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually obtained some reliability as a faith in numerous nations, Scientology has also been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Game individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time this post the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified dig this in a web survey run by the presidential shift group obtaining public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a business business, and click for more not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor - Church of Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and devoted one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by a company not affiliated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The crime dedicated by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive techniques in dealing with those it sees as trying to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable video game. Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.